Tips on Kyle's Blog

Disable Network Discovery of Speakers on Fedora

Tue, 04 Nov 2025 15:39:12 +1100

The network discovery of remote speakers is enabled by default on Fedora, leading to a very long list in the output device setting. To disable this feature:

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mkdir -p ~/.config/pipewire/pipewire.conf.d/
echo "context.properties = {
 module.raop = false
}" > ~/.config/pipewire/pipewire.conf.d/noraop.conf
systemctl --user restart pipewire

Source: Fedora Discussion

Fontconfig in Flatpak

Mon, 03 Nov 2025 16:35:29 +1100

Applications installed via Flatpak do not respect fontconfig settings stored in ~/.config/fontconfig/ by default. The solution is to copy the fontconfig directory to .var/app/<APP_ID>/config/, where <APP_ID> is the Flatpak application ID.

For example:

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cp -r ~/.config/fontconfig ~/.var/app/com.example.App/config/

Toggle Color Theme on Plasma

Sun, 12 Oct 2025 12:07:36 +1100

Plasma introduced a quick settings panel in plasma 6, where you can toggle between Breeze and Breeze Dark themes. However, it will change the entire theme, ruining customizations like icons. You can toggle the color scheme manually by using the following command:

For dark theme:

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plasma-apply-desktoptheme breeze-dark && plasma-apply-colorscheme BreezeDark && plasma-apply-cursortheme Breeze_Light && /usr/lib/plasma-changeicons Papirus-Dark && /usr/bin/sed -i 's/DefaultProfile=Light.profile/DefaultProfile=Dark.profile/' ~/.config/konsolerc

For light theme:

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plasma-apply-desktoptheme breeze && plasma-apply-colorscheme Breeze && plasma-apply-cursortheme Breeze_Dark && /usr/lib/plasma-changeicons Papirus-Light && /usr/bin/sed -i 's/DefaultProfile=Dark.profile/DefaultProfile=Light.profile/' ~/.config/konsolerc

Before running the commands, ensure you have the Papirus icon theme installed and Light and Dark konsole profiles created. It will change the desktop theme, color scheme, cursor theme, icon theme, and konsole profile. Moreover, you can create two scripts and bind them to keyboard shortcuts for easy toggling.

24/10/25 Update

Plasma 6.5 was released, introducing a new feature to automatically switch between light and dark themes based on the time of day. However, it does not support custom icon themes and konsole profiles. A workaround is to run a script that monitors the theme change event and applies the necessary changes.

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#!/bin/bash

# Monitor KDE theme changes and execute commands

# Function to check current color scheme
check_theme() {
 # Query KDE's color scheme setting (KF6 uses kreadconfig6)
 theme=$(kreadconfig6 --file kdeglobals --group General --key ColorScheme)

 # Check if it's a dark theme (common dark themes contain "Dark" in name)
 if [[ $theme == *"Dark"* ]] || [[ $theme == *"Breeze Dark"* ]]; then
 echo "dark"
 else
 echo "light"
 fi
}

# Get initial state
previous_theme=$(check_theme)
echo "Current theme: $previous_theme"

# Monitor D-Bus for KDE settings changes
dbus-monitor --session "type='signal',interface='org.kde.KGlobalSettings',member='notifyChange'" | \
while read -r line; do
 # When we detect a change notification
 if [[ $line == *"notifyChange"* ]]; then
 sleep 0.5 # Small delay to ensure settings are written

 current_theme=$(check_theme)

 # Only act if theme actually changed
 if [[ $current_theme != $previous_theme ]]; then
 echo "Theme changed: $previous_theme -> $current_theme"

 if [[ $current_theme == "dark" ]]; then
 echo "Executing dark theme commands..."
 # Add your dark theme commands here
 notify-send "Dark Mode" "Switched to dark theme"
 /usr/lib/plasma-changeicons Papirus-Dark && /usr/bin/sed -i 's/DefaultProfile=Light.profile/DefaultProfile=Dark.profile/' ~/.config/konsolerc

 elif [[ $current_theme == "light" ]]; then
 echo "Executing light theme commands..."
 # Add your light theme commands here
 notify-send "Light Mode" "Switched to light theme"
 /usr/lib/plasma-changeicons Papirus-Light && /usr/bin/sed -i 's/DefaultProfile=Dark.profile/DefaultProfile=Light.profile/' ~/.config/konsolerc
 fi

 previous_theme=$current_theme
 fi
 fi
done

A user-level systemd service can be created to run this script in the background:

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[Unit]
Description=KDE Theme Monitor
After=graphical-session.target

[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/home/username/.local/bin/theme-monitor.sh
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=default.target

And the commands to enable and start the service:

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systemctl --user enable theme-monitor.service
systemctl --user start theme-monitor.service

Even though this solution works, it’s quite hacky and heavy. Hoping for a better built-in feature in the future Plasma releases.

One Time Reboot to Win Shortcut

Tue, 16 Sep 2025 23:00:17 +1000

Reboot to Windows Once from Linux

On a dual-boot machine, you may occasionally want to reboot into Windows from Linux for a specific task—such as using a Windows-only application—and then return to Linux afterward. While GRUB allows you to choose which OS to boot, it is more convenient to have a one-time reboot option that boots directly into Windows, then automatically returns to Linux as the default on subsequent boots. This can be accomplished using efibootmgr to set the next boot entry to Windows.

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sudo efibootmgr -n <WindowsBootEntryNumber>

Here, <WindowsBootEntryNumber> is the boot entry number for Windows, which you can find by running efibootmgr without any arguments. The output will list all boot entries and their numbers. For example:

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BootCurrent: 0005
Timeout: 2 seconds
BootOrder: 0005,0004,2001,2002,2003
Boot0001* EFI PXE 0 for IPv4
Boot0002* EFI PXE 0 for IPv6
Boot0004* Windows Boot Manager
Boot0005* GRUB

To set the next boot to Windows, run:

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efibootmgr -n 0004

After executing this command, reboot your machine. It will boot into Windows for that session. On the next reboot, it will default back to Linux.

Creating a Shortcut Script

To streamline this process, create a simple script at /usr/local/bin/reboot2win:

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#!/usr/bin/env bash
# reboot2win: A script to reboot into Windows once
logger -t reboot2win "reboot2win executed by ${SUDO_USER:-$USER}"
# privileged command(s) below:
/usr/bin/efibootmgr -n 0004 && /usr/bin/systemctl reboot

Make it executable and set ownership to root for security:

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sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/reboot2win && sudo chown root:root /usr/local/bin/reboot2win

Now you can run sudo reboot2win to reboot into Windows once.

Make It Even Easier with Polkit

To avoid typing sudo every time, you can create a polkit rule to allow your user to run the script without a password prompt. Create a file at /etc/polkit-1/rules.d/50-reboot2win.rules with the following content:

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polkit.addRule(function (action, subject) {
 if (action.id == "org.freedesktop.policykit.exec") {
 var program = action.lookup("program");
 if (
 program == "/usr/local/bin/reboot2win" &&
 subject.isInGroup("wheel") &&
 subject.local &&
 subject.active
 ) {
 return polkit.Result.YES;
 }
 }
 return polkit.Result.NOT_HANDLED;
});

This rule allows users in the wheel group to execute the reboot2win script without a password prompt. Adjust the group name if your user belongs to a different group.

To apply the rule, restart the polkit service:

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sudo systemctl restart polkit

Now you can simply run the following command without sudo:

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pkexec /usr/local/bin/reboot2win

Finally, you can add an alias or a desktop shortcut for easier access. Also, to avoid accidentally running the command, you can use a confirmation prompt dialog such as kdialog or zenity. For example, using kdialog:

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bash -lc 'kdialog --yesno "Are you sure you want to reboot the system?"' && pkexec /usr/local/bin/reboot2win

This will show a confirmation dialog before executing the reboot command.

Goldendict Ng on Wayland

Tue, 16 Sep 2025 19:09:25 +1000

The shortcut Ctrl+C+C is used to look up the selected word in Goldendict and Goldendict-NG. However, this shortcut does not work properly on Wayland, because Wayland does not support the underlying function it relies on, as explained in the official documentation.

Fortunately, there is a simple workaround that is even more convenient than the original method: use wl-paste together with global shortcuts provided by desktop environments (such as KDE, GNOME, etc.).

Create a new shortcut in the system settings and set the shortcut to run the following command:

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bash -c 'goldendict "$(wl-paste -n -p)"'

Code Chunks Within Lists in Quarto

Sun, 14 Sep 2025 14:41:04 +1000

When writing code within lists like the following structure, quarto cannot render the list properly.

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1. question

 answer

 ```{python}
 print()
 ```

The trick is to add an extra space after single-digit list indexes. This is because indentation is significant in Quarto, and both the list itself and any nested code blocks must start in the same column (note that the index itself, e.g., 1., 2., etc., does not count toward the list indentation).

For example, in my VSCode setup, pressing Tab inserts four spaces, but there are only use three characters before a list with single-digit indexes (e.g., 1. ). As a result, when I try to indent a code block under such a list, it doesn’t align correctly with the list column. Adding an extra space after the index ensures proper alignment.

In addition, unlike code blocks, which must be strictly aligned with the list, other lines (non-code content) should be indented at least as much as the list and code blocks.

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1. question 1

 answer 1 (work)
 answer 1 (work)
 answer 1 (doesn't work)

 ```{python}
 # some code
 ```

https://forum.posit.co/t/code-chunks-within-lists-in-quarto/159866

Correct Cursor Color on Vscode

Sat, 30 Aug 2025 09:38:32 +1000

It is really painful and annoying that the cursor color is white when the vscode using a light theme. Using mpo_disable.reg provided by Nvidia can correct this behavior. It also works for computers with AMD GPUs.

mpo_disable.reg

Skip Microsoft Account Login

Fri, 22 Aug 2025 17:41:15 +1000

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start ms-cxh:localonly

Windows Partition Guide

Tue, 12 Aug 2025 16:35:30 +1000

The Windows installer assigns too little space to the EFI and Recovery partitions by default, which is not ideal for future updates. To resolve this issue, we need to manually partition using Diskpart during the installation phase. The following script is from Microsoft and serves as an example of a partitioning script.

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rem == CreatePartitions-UEFI.txt ==
rem == These commands are used with DiskPart to
rem create five partitions
rem for a UEFI/GPT-based PC.
rem Adjust the partition sizes to fill the drive
rem as necessary. ==
select disk 0
clean
convert gpt
rem == 1. Windows RE tools partition ===============
create partition primary size=300
format quick fs=ntfs label="Windows RE tools"
assign letter="T"
set id="de94bba4-06d1-4d40-a16a-bfd50179d6ac"
gpt attributes=0x8000000000000001
rem == 2. System partition =========================
create partition efi size=100
rem ** NOTE: For Advanced Format 4Kn drives,
rem change this value to size = 260 **
format quick fs=fat32 label="System"
assign letter="S"
rem == 3. Microsoft Reserved (MSR) partition =======
create partition msr size=128
rem == 4. Windows partition ========================
rem == a. Create the Windows partition ==========
create partition primary
rem == b. Create space for the recovery image ===
shrink minimum=15000
rem ** NOTE: Update this size to match the size
rem of the recovery image **
rem == c. Prepare the Windows partition =========
format quick fs=ntfs label="Windows"
assign letter="W"
rem === 5. Recovery image partition ================
create partition primary
format quick fs=ntfs label="Recovery image"
assign letter="R"
set id="de94bba4-06d1-4d40-a16a-bfd50179d6ac"
gpt attributes=0x8000000000000001
list volume
exit

The following is a modified version of the above script, with all comments removed and the partition size changed.

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select disk 0
clean
convert gpt
create partition primary size=300
format quick fs=ntfs label="Windows RE tools"
assign letter="T"
set id="de94bba4-06d1-4d40-a16a-bfd50179d6ac"
gpt attributes=0x8000000000000001


create partition efi size=512
format quick fs=fat32 label="System"
assign letter="S"

create partition msr size=128

create partition primary
shrink minimum=15000
format quick fs=ntfs label="Windows"
assign letter="W"

create partition primary
format quick fs=ntfs label="Recovery image"
assign letter="R"
set id="de94bba4-06d1-4d40-a16a-bfd50179d6ac"
gpt attributes=0x8000000000000001
exit

References

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-8.1-and-8/hh825686(v=win.10)

Command Line of Nbconvert

Mon, 04 Aug 2025 22:13:21 +1000

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jupyter nbconvert --to pdf .\week1.ipynb --template-file assignment --LatexPreprocessor.author_names='Keao Chen' --LatexPreprocessor.title='Week 1 Journal'

自动切换 SumatraPDF 主题

Tue, 15 Jul 2025 17:01:11 +0800

SumatraPDF 小巧，快速，对于浏览 PDF 来说再合适不过。唯一的缺点就是功能有些许缺失，例如：虽然有更换主题功能，但是不能跟随 Windows 主题一起变化，并且界面颜色改变时，文档的颜色不改变。于是乎每当在夜晚打开一份 PDF 都仿佛打开了太阳……

微软的应用商店 Microsoft Store 中有一款软件 Auto Dark Mode 可以自动切换 Windows 的暗色模式，并且支持在切换时运行脚本。正巧 SumatraPDF 可以通过配置文件配置，实际上对于一些高级设置（例如字体颜色和背景颜色）只支持使用配置文件设置。因此一个简单的方案就是：编写一个脚本根据参数不同自动修改 SumatraPDF 的配置文件，并且设置 Auto Dark Mode 使其在切换 Windows 主题时自动运行此脚本。

Auto Dark Mode 配置：

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Enabled: true
Component:
 Scripts:
 - Name: SumatraPDF
 Command: python
 WorkingDirectory: C:\Users\kyle\AppData\Local\SumatraPDF
 ArgsLight: [toggle_theme.py, light]
 ArgsDark: [toggle_theme.py, dark]
 AllowedSources: [Any]

Python 脚本：

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import sys
import os
import re

if len(sys.argv) != 2 or sys.argv[1] not in ['light', 'dark']:
 print("Usage: python toggle_sumatra_theme.py [light|dark]")
 sys.exit(1)

mode = sys.argv[1]

config_path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "SumatraPDF-settings.txt")

if not os.path.isfile(config_path):
 print(f"Error: Config file not found: {config_path}")
 sys.exit(1)

if mode == 'light':
 theme_val = 'Light'
 text_color = '#262626'
 background_color = '#f8f3e9'
else:
 theme_val = 'Darker'
 text_color = '#bbbbbb'
 background_color = '#17191a'

with open(config_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
 config = f.read()

config = re.sub(r'Theme\s*=\s*\w+', f'Theme = {theme_val}', config)
config = re.sub(r'TextColor\s*=\s*#[0-9a-fA-F]+', f'TextColor = {text_color}', config)
config = re.sub(r'BackgroundColor\s*=\s*#[0-9a-fA-F]+', f'BackgroundColor = {background_color}', config)

with open(config_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
 f.write(config)

An Alternative to Filelight on Windows

Fri, 27 Jun 2025 18:10:28 +0800

WinDirStat

彻底关闭 Windows 11 的虚拟化

Thu, 26 Jun 2025 14:31:50 +0800

Disabling-Hyper-V

Certain advanced Windows 10 features, such as Device Guard (in particular, Hypervisor-protected code integrity or HVCI) and Credential Guard, can prevent Hyper-V from being completely disabled. In other words, when any of these features are enabled, so is Hyper-V, even though Windows may report otherwise.

The Device Guard and Credential Guard hardware readiness tool released by Microsoft can disable the said Windows 10 features along with Hyper-V:

Download the latest version of the tool from here dgreadiness-tool. The following steps assume version 3.6.
Unzip.
Open an elevated (i.e. Run as administrator) Command Prompt.
@powershell -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Command "X:\path\to\dgreadiness_v3.6\DG_Readiness_Tool_v3.6.ps1 -Disable"
Reboot.

如上所述，由于 Device Guard 和 Credential Guard hardware readiness tool 功能，Hyper-V 无法被彻底关闭。使用微软提供的此脚本：here 可以将这些功能彻底关闭，从而彻底关闭 Hyper-V。

https://github.com/gmh5225/Disabling-Hyper-V

Handle Missing Shared Library Error

Fri, 13 Jun 2025 12:40:05 +0800

Using pkgfile to find out the package of such files

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sudo pkgfile -u
pkgfile xxx.so.1

Rename Files by Deleting or Replacing Substring

Fri, 13 Jun 2025 12:38:57 +0800

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for f in `ls *.mp3`; do
mv "$f" `echo "$f" | sed 's/生活大爆炸/TBBT/g'`
done

Convert All Mp4 to Mp3 in One Command

Fri, 13 Jun 2025 12:37:35 +0800

I get a directory like following:

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 .
 ├── S01
 │   ├── TBBTS01E01.mp4
 │   ├── TBBTS01E01.mp4
 │   ├── TBBTS01E01.mp4
 │   ...
 ├── S02
 │   ├── TBBTS02E01.mp4
 │   ├── TBBTS02E02.mp4
 │   ├── TBBTS02E03.mp4
 │   ...
 ├── S03
 │   ├── TBBTS03E01.mp4
 │   ├── TBBTS03E02.mp4
 │   ├── TBBTS03E03.mp4
 │   ...
 ├── S04
 │   ├── TBBTS04E01.mp4
 │   ├── TBBTS04E02.mp4
 │   ├── TBBTS04E03.mp4
 │   ...
 ├── S05
 │   ├── TBBTS05E01.mp4
 │   ├── TBBTS05E02.mp4
 │   ├── TBBTS05E03.mp4
 │   ├── TBBTS05E04.mp4
 │  ...
 └── S06
	 ├── TBBTS06E01.mp4
	 ├── TBBTS06E02.mp4
	 ├── TBBTS06E03.mp4
	 ...

I want to transform all mp4 files to mp3 and move them to a new directory called mp3 in current directory. here is the command:

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 find . -name "*.mp4" -type f -print | parallel -j20 "ffmpeg -i {} ./mp3/{/.}.mp3"

where {/.} represents a clear file name that stripped extension name and path

Download TBBT Transcript From Website

Fri, 13 Jun 2025 12:17:40 +0800

URLs of transcripts

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[
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-1-episode-1-pilot-episode/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-1-episode-2-the-big-bran-hypothesis/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-1-episode-3-the-fuzzy-boots-corollary/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-1-episode-4-the-luminous-fish-effect/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-1-episode-5-the-hamburger-postulate/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-1-episode-6-the-middle-earth-paradigm/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-1-episode-7-the-dumpling-paradox/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-1-episode-8-the-grasshopper-experiment/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-1-episode-9-the-cooper-hofstadter-polarization/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-1-episode-10-the-loobenfeld-decay/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-1-episode-11-the-pancake-batter-anomaly/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-1-episode-12-the-jerusalem-duality/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-1-episode-13-the-bat-jar-conjecture/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-1-episode-14-the-nerdvana-annihilation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-1-episode-15-the-porkchop-indeterminacy/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-1-episode-16-the-peanut-reaction/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-1-episode-17-the-tangerine-factor/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-2-episode-01-the-bad-fish-paradigm/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-2-episode-02-the-codpiece-topology/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-2-episode-03-the-barbarian-sublimation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-2-episode-04-the-griffin-equivalency/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-2-episode-5-the-euclid-alternative/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-2-episode-06-the-cooper-nowitzki-theorem-2/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-2-episode-07-the-panty-pinata-polarization/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-1-episode-08-the-lizard-spock-expansion/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-2-episode-09-the-white-asparagus-triangulation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-2-episode-11-the-vartabedian-conundrum/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-2-episode-11-the-bath-item-gift-hypothesis/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-2-episode-12-the-killer-robot-instability/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-2-episode-13-the-friendship-algorithm/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-2-episode-14-the-financial-permeability-2/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-2-episode-15-the-maternal-capacitance/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-2-episode-16-the-cushion-saturation-3/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-2-episode-17-the-terminator-decoupling/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-2-episode-18-the-work-song-nanocluster/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-2-episode-19-the-dead-hooker-juxtaposition/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-2-episode-20-the-hofstadter-isotope/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-2-episode-21-the-vegas-renormalization/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-2-episode-22-the-classified-materials-turbulence/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-2-episode-23-the-monopolar-expedition/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-3-episode-01-the-electric-can-opener-fluctuation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-3-episode-02-the-jiminy-conjecture/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-3-episode-03-the-gothowitz-deviation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-3-episode-04-the-pirate-solution/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-3-episode-05-the-creepy-candy-coating-corollary/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-3-episode-06-the-cornhusker-vortex/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-3-episode-07-the-guitarist-amplification/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-3-episode-08-the-adhesive-duck-deficiency/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-3-episode-09-the-vengeance-formulation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-3-episode-10-the-gorilla-experiment/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-3-episode-11-the-maternal-congruence/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-3-episode-12-the-psychic-vortex/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-3-episode-13-the-bozeman-reaction/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-3-episode-14-the-einstein-approximation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-3-episode-15-the-large-hadron-collision/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-3-episode-16-the-excelsior-acquisition/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-3-episode-17-the-precious-fragmentation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-3-episode-18-the-pants-alternative/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-3-episode-19-the-wheaton-recurrence/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-3-episode-20-the-spaghetti-catalyst/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-3-episode-21-the-plimpton-stimulation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-3-episode-22-the-staircase-implementation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-3-episode-23-the-lunar-excitation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-4-episode-01-the-robotic-manipulation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-4-episode-02-the-cruciferous-vegetable-amplification/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-4-episode-03-the-zazzy-substitution/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-4-episode-04-the-hot-troll-deviation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-4-episode-05-the-desperation-emanation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-4-episode-06-the-irish-pub-formulation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-4-episode-07-the-apology-insufficiency/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-4-episode-08-the-21-second-excitation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-4-episode-09-the-boyfriend-complexity/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-4-episode-10-the-alien-parasite-hypothesis/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-4-episode-11-the-justice-league-recombination/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-4-episode-12-the-bus-pants-utilization/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-4-episode-13-the-love-car-displacement/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-4-episode-14-the-thespian-catalyst/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-4-episode-15-the-benefactor-factor/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-4-episode-16-the-cohabitation-formulation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-4-episode-17-the-toast-derivation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-4-episode-18-the-prestidigitation-approximation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-4-episode-19-the-zarnecki-incursion/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-4-episode-20-the-herb-garden-germination/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-4-episode-21-the-agreement-dissection/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-4-episode-22-the-wildebeest-implementation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-4-episode-23-the-engagement-reaction/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-4-episode-24-the-roommate-transmogrification/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-5-episode-01-the-skank-reflex-analysis/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-5-episode-02-the-infestation-hypothesis/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-5-episode-03-the-pulled-groin-extrapolation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-5-episode-04-the-wiggly-finger-catalyst/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-5-episode-05-the-russian-rocket-reaction/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-5-episode-06-the-rhinitis-revelation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-5-episode-07-the-good-guy-fluctuation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-5-episode-08-the-isolation-permutation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-5-episode-09-the-ornithophobia-diffusion/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-5-episode-10-the-flaming-spittoon-acquisition/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-5-episode-11-the-speckerman-recurrence/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-5-episode-12-the-shiny-trinket-maneouvre/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-5-episode-13-the-recombination-hypothesis/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-5-episode-14-the-beta-test-initiation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-5-episode-15-the-friendship-contraction/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-5-episode-16-the-vacation-solution/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-5-episode-17-the-rothman-disintegration/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-5-episode-18-the-werewolf-transformation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-5-episode-19-the-weekend-vortex/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-5-episode-20-the-transporter-malfunction/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-5-episode-21-the-hawking-excitation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-5-episode-22-the-stag-convergence/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-5-episode-23-the-launch-acceleration/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-5-episode-24-the-countdown-reflection/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-6-episode-01-the-date-night-variable/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-6-episode-02-the-decoupling-fluctuation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-6-episode-03-the-higgs-boson-observation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-6-episode-04-the-re-entry-minimization/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-6-episode-05-the-holographic-excitation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-6-episode-06-the-extract-obliteration/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-6-episode-07-the-habitation-configuration/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-6-episode-08-the-43-peculiarity/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-6-episode-09-the-parking-spot-escalation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-6-episode-10-the-fish-guts-displacement/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-6-episode-11-the-santa-simulation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-6-episode-12-the-egg-salad-equivalency/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-6-episode-13-the-bakersfield-expedition/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-6-episode-14-the-cooperkripke-inversion/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-6-episode-15-the-spoiler-alert-segmentation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-6-episode-16-the-tangible-affection-proof/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-6-episode-17-the-monster-isolation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-6-episode-18-the-contractual-obligation-implementation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-6-episode-19-the-closet-reconfiguration/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-6-episode-20-the-tenure-turbulence/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-6-episode-21-the-closure-alternative/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-6-episode-22-the-proton-resurgence/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-06-episode-23-the-love-spell-potential/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-06-episode-24-the-bon-voyage-reaction/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-7-episode-01-the-hofstadter-insufficiency/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-7-episode-02-the-deception-verification/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-7-episode-03-the-scavenger-vortex/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-7-episode-04-the-raiders-minimization/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-7-episode-05-the-workplace-proximity/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-7-episode-06-the-romance-resonance/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-7-episode-07-the-proton-displacement/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-7-episode-08-the-itchy-brain-simulation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-7-episode-09-the-thanksgiving-decoupling/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-7-episode-10-the-discovery-dissipation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-7-episode-11-the-cooper-extraction/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-7-episode-12-the-hesitation-ramification/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-7-episode-13-the-occupation-recalibration/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-7-episode-14-the-convention-conundrum/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-7-episode-15-the-locomotive-manipulation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-7-episode-16-the-table-polarisation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-7-episode-17-the-friendship-turbulence/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-7-episode-18-the-mommy-observation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-7-episode-19-the-indecision-amalgamation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-7-episode-20-the-relationship-diremption/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-7-episode-21-the-anything-can-happen-recurrence/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-7-episode-22-the-proton-transmogrification/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-7-episode-23-the-gorilla-dissolution/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-7-episode-24-the-status-quo-combustion/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-8-episode-01-the-locomotion-interruption/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-8-episode-02-the-junior-professor-solution/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-8-episode-03-the-first-pitch-insufficiency/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-8-episode-04-the-hook-up-reverbration/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-7-episode-05-the-focus-attenuation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-8-episode-06-the-expedition-approximation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-8-episode-07-the-misinterpretation-agitation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-8-episode-08-the-prom-equivalency/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-8-episode-09-the-septum-deviation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-8-episode-10-the-champagne-reflection/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-8-episode-11-the-clean-room-infiltration/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-8-episode-12-the-space-probe-disintegration/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-8-episode-13-the-anxiety-optimisation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-8-episode-14-the-troll-manifestation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-8-episode-15-the-comic-book-store-regeneration/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-8-episode-16-the-intimacy-acceleration/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-8-episode-17-the-colonization-application/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-8-episode-18-the-leftover-thermalization/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-8-episode-19-the-skywalker-incursion/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-8-episode-20-the-fortification-implementation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-8-episode-21-the-communication-deterioration/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-8-episode-22-the-graduation-transmission/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-8-episode-23-the-maternal-combustion/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-8-episode-24-the-commitment-determination/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-9-episode-01-the-matrimonial-momentum/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-9-episode-02-the-separation-oscillation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-9-episode-03-the-batchelor-party-corrosion/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-9-episode-04-the-2003-approximation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-9-episode-05-the-perspiration-implementation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-9-episode-06-the-helium-insufficiency/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-9-episode-07-the-spock-resonance/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-9-episode-08-the-mystery-date-observation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-9-episode-09-the-platonic-permutation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-9-episode-10-the-earworm-reverberation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-9-episode-11-the-opening-night-excitation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-9-episode-12-the-sales-call-sublimation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-9-episode-13-the-empathy-optimisation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-9-episode-14-the-meemaw-materialisation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-9-episode-15-the-valentino-submergence/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-9-episode-16-the-positive-negative-reaction/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-9-episode-17-the-celebration-experimentation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-9-episode-18-the-application-deterioration/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-9-episode-19-the-solder-excursion-diversion/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-9-episode-20-the-big-bear-precipitation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-9-episode-21-the-viewing-party-combustion/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-9-episode-22-the-fermentation-bifurcation/",
 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-9-episode-23-the-line-substitution-solution/",
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 "https://bigbangtrans.wordpress.com/series-10-episode-16-the-allowance-evaporation/",
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]

Script

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import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import os

url_list = []

def download_script(url):
 response = requests.get(url)
 response.encoding = "utf-8"
 soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, "html.parser")

 script_text = ""
 title = soup.find("h2", class_="title").get_text()
 script_text = script_text + "## " + title + "\n\n"
 div = soup.find("div", class_="entrytext")
 p_tags = div.find_all("p")

 for p in p_tags:
	 text = p.get_text()
	 print(text)
	 try:
		 before, after = text.split(":", 1)
		 script_text = script_text + "**" + before + "**" + ": " + after + "\n\n"
	 except:
		 script_text = script_text + text + "\n\n"

 return script_text


with open("TBBT.md", "a", encoding="utf-8") as f:
 for url in url_list:
	 print(download_script(url), file=f)

Convert Jupyter Notebook to PDF With Reporting Format

Fri, 13 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Install nbconvert via pip

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pip install nbconvert

Now, the command

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jupyter nbconvert --to pdf --template-file report filename.ipynb

should work well, producing a document with a table of contents and properly formatted code blocks. However, an unnecessary counter appears before each code block, wasting space and serving no purpose. To remove it, a custom template is required.

The template consists of two files: assignment.tex.j2 and style_assignment.tex.j2, which are modified duplicates of existing files. Template files are located in share\jupyter\nbconvert\templates\latex. Duplicate report.tex.j2 and modify the second line to

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((* set cell_style = 'style_assignment.tex.j2' *))

The file style_assignment.tex.j2 is a duplicate of style_jupyter.tex.j2 with the line

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{\ttfamily\llap{{\color{#2}[#3]:\hspace{3pt}#4}}\vspace{-\baselineskip}}

replaced by

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{\ttfamily\llap{{\color{#2}\hspace{3pt}#4}}}

Moreover, in order to support Chinese, the code below should be added

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\usepackage{xeCJK}
\setCJKmainfont{SimSun}

Now that custom files are used, the command is

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jupyter nbconvert --to pdf --template-file assignment filename.ipynb

or dictate author names and the document title as converting:

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jupyter nbconvert --to pdf --template-file assignment ./Journal.ipynb --LatexPreprocessor.author_names="Name" --LatexPreprocessor.title="Title"

The complete file is shown as follows:

assignment.tex.j2

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% Default to the notebook output style
((* if not cell_style is defined *))
 ((* set cell_style = 'style_assignment.tex.j2' *))
((* endif *))

% Inherit from the specified cell style.
((* extends cell_style *))


%===============================================================================
% Latex Book
%===============================================================================

((* block predoc *))
 ((( super() )))
 ((* block tableofcontents *))\tableofcontents((* endblock tableofcontents *))
((* endblock predoc *))

((* block docclass *))
\documentclass{report}
((* endblock docclass *))

((* block markdowncell scoped *))
((( cell.source | citation2latex | strip_files_prefix | convert_pandoc('markdown+tex_math_double_backslash', 'json',extra_args=[]) | resolve_references | convert_pandoc('json','latex', extra_args=["--top-level-division=chapter"]) )))
((* endblock markdowncell *))

style_assignment.tex.j2

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((=- IPython input/output style -=))
((*- extends 'base.tex.j2' -*))

((*- block packages -*))
	\usepackage{xeCJK}
	\setCJKmainfont{SimSun}
 \usepackage[breakable]{tcolorbox}
 \usepackage{parskip} % Stop auto-indenting (to mimic markdown behaviour)
 ((( super() )))
((*- endblock packages -*))

((*- block definitions -*))
 ((( super() )))
% Pygments definitions
 (((- resources.latex.pygments_definitions )))

 % For linebreaks inside Verbatim environment from package fancyvrb.
 \makeatletter
 \newbox\Wrappedcontinuationbox
 \newbox\Wrappedvisiblespacebox
 \newcommand*\Wrappedvisiblespace {\textcolor{red}{\textvisiblespace}}
 \newcommand*\Wrappedcontinuationsymbol {\textcolor{red}{\llap{\tiny$\m@th\hookrightarrow$}}}
 \newcommand*\Wrappedcontinuationindent {3ex }
 \newcommand*\Wrappedafterbreak {\kern\Wrappedcontinuationindent\copy\Wrappedcontinuationbox}
 % Take advantage of the already applied Pygments mark-up to insert
 % potential linebreaks for TeX processing.
 % {, <, #, %, $, ' and ": go to next line.
 % _, }, ^, &, >, - and ~: stay at end of broken line.
 % Use of \textquotesingle for straight quote.
 \newcommand*\Wrappedbreaksatspecials {%
 \def\PYGZus{\discretionary{\char`\_}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\char`\_}}%
 \def\PYGZob{\discretionary{}{\Wrappedafterbreak\char`\{}{\char`\{}}%
 \def\PYGZcb{\discretionary{\char`\}}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\char`\}}}%
 \def\PYGZca{\discretionary{\char`\^}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\char`\^}}%
 \def\PYGZam{\discretionary{\char`\&}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\char`\&}}%
 \def\PYGZlt{\discretionary{}{\Wrappedafterbreak\char`\<}{\char`\<}}%
 \def\PYGZgt{\discretionary{\char`\>}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\char`\>}}%
 \def\PYGZsh{\discretionary{}{\Wrappedafterbreak\char`\#}{\char`\#}}%
 \def\PYGZpc{\discretionary{}{\Wrappedafterbreak\char`\%}{\char`\%}}%
 \def\PYGZdl{\discretionary{}{\Wrappedafterbreak\char`\$}{\char`\$}}%
 \def\PYGZhy{\discretionary{\char`\-}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\char`\-}}%
 \def\PYGZsq{\discretionary{}{\Wrappedafterbreak\textquotesingle}{\textquotesingle}}%
 \def\PYGZdq{\discretionary{}{\Wrappedafterbreak\char`\"}{\char`\"}}%
 \def\PYGZti{\discretionary{\char`\~}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\char`\~}}%
 }
 % Some characters . , ; ? ! / are not pygmentized.
 % This macro makes them "active" and they will insert potential linebreaks
 \newcommand*\Wrappedbreaksatpunct {%
 \lccode`\~`\.\lowercase{\def~}{\discretionary{\hbox{\char`\.}}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\hbox{\char`\.}}}%
 \lccode`\~`\,\lowercase{\def~}{\discretionary{\hbox{\char`\,}}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\hbox{\char`\,}}}%
 \lccode`\~`\;\lowercase{\def~}{\discretionary{\hbox{\char`\;}}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\hbox{\char`\;}}}%
 \lccode`\~`\:\lowercase{\def~}{\discretionary{\hbox{\char`\:}}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\hbox{\char`\:}}}%
 \lccode`\~`\?\lowercase{\def~}{\discretionary{\hbox{\char`\?}}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\hbox{\char`\?}}}%
 \lccode`\~`\!\lowercase{\def~}{\discretionary{\hbox{\char`\!}}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\hbox{\char`\!}}}%
 \lccode`\~`\/\lowercase{\def~}{\discretionary{\hbox{\char`\/}}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\hbox{\char`\/}}}%
 \catcode`\.\active
 \catcode`\,\active
 \catcode`\;\active
 \catcode`\:\active
 \catcode`\?\active
 \catcode`\!\active
 \catcode`\/\active
 \lccode`\~`\~
 }
 \makeatother

 \let\OriginalVerbatim=\Verbatim
 \makeatletter
 \renewcommand{\Verbatim}[1][1]{%
 %\parskip\z@skip
 \sbox\Wrappedcontinuationbox {\Wrappedcontinuationsymbol}%
 \sbox\Wrappedvisiblespacebox {\FV@SetupFont\Wrappedvisiblespace}%
 \def\FancyVerbFormatLine ##1{\hsize\linewidth
 \vtop{\raggedright\hyphenpenalty\z@\exhyphenpenalty\z@
 \doublehyphendemerits\z@\finalhyphendemerits\z@
 \strut ##1\strut}%
 }%
 % If the linebreak is at a space, the latter will be displayed as visible
 % space at end of first line, and a continuation symbol starts next line.
 % Stretch/shrink are however usually zero for typewriter font.
 \def\FV@Space {%
 \nobreak\hskip\z@ plus\fontdimen3\font minus\fontdimen4\font
 \discretionary{\copy\Wrappedvisiblespacebox}{\Wrappedafterbreak}
 {\kern\fontdimen2\font}%
 }%

 % Allow breaks at special characters using \PYG... macros.
 \Wrappedbreaksatspecials
 % Breaks at punctuation characters . , ; ? ! and / need catcode=\active
 \OriginalVerbatim[#1,codes*=\Wrappedbreaksatpunct]%
 }
 \makeatother

 % Exact colors from NB
 ((*- block style_colors *))
 \definecolor{incolor}{HTML}{303F9F}
 \definecolor{outcolor}{HTML}{D84315}
 \definecolor{cellborder}{HTML}{CFCFCF}
 \definecolor{cellbackground}{HTML}{F7F7F7}
 ((*- endblock style_colors *))

 % prompt
 \makeatletter
 \newcommand{\boxspacing}{\kern\kvtcb@left@rule\kern\kvtcb@boxsep}
 \makeatother
 ((*- block style_prompt *))
 \newcommand{\prompt}[4]{
 {\ttfamily\llap{{\color{#2}\hspace{3pt}#4}}}
 }
 ((* endblock style_prompt *))

((*- endblock definitions -*))

%===============================================================================
% Input
%===============================================================================

((* block input scoped *))
 ((( draw_cell(cell.source | highlight_code(strip_verbatim=True), cell, 'In', 'incolor', '\\boxspacing') )))
((* endblock input *))


%===============================================================================
% Output
%===============================================================================

((*- if charlim is not defined -*))
 ((* set charlim = 80 *))
((*- endif -*))

((* block execute_result scoped *))
 ((*- for type in output.data | filter_data_type -*))
 ((*- if type in ['text/plain']*))
 ((( draw_cell(output.data['text/plain'] | wrap_text(charlim) | escape_latex | ansi2latex, cell, 'Out', 'outcolor', '\\boxspacing') )))
 ((* else -*))
 ((( " " )))
 ((( draw_prompt(cell, 'Out', 'outcolor','') )))((( super() )))
 ((*- endif -*))
 ((*- endfor -*))
((* endblock execute_result *))

((* block stream *))
 \begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
((( output.text | wrap_text(charlim) | escape_latex | strip_trailing_newline | ansi2latex )))
 \end{Verbatim}
((* endblock stream *))

%==============================================================================
% Support Macros
%==============================================================================

% Name: draw_cell
% Purpose: Renders an output/input prompt
((*- if draw_cell is not defined -*)) % Required to allow overriding.
((* macro draw_cell(text, cell, prompt, prompt_color, extra_space) -*))
((*- if prompt == 'In' -*))
((*- set style = "breakable, size=fbox, boxrule=1pt, pad at break*=1mm,colback=cellbackground, colframe=cellborder"-*))
((*- else -*))((*- set style = "breakable, size=fbox, boxrule=.5pt, pad at break*=1mm, opacityfill=0"-*))((*- endif -*))

\begin{tcolorbox}[((( style )))]
(((- draw_prompt(cell, prompt, prompt_color, extra_space) )))
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
((( text )))
\end{Verbatim}
\end{tcolorbox}
((*- endmacro *))
((*- endif -*))

% Name: draw_prompt
% Purpose: Renders an output/input prompt
((* macro draw_prompt(cell, prompt, prompt_color, extra_space) -*))
 ((*- if cell.execution_count is defined -*))
 ((*- set execution_count = "" ~ (cell.execution_count | replace(None, " ")) -*))
 ((*- else -*))((*- set execution_count = " " -*))((*- endif *))

 ((*- if (resources.global_content_filter.include_output_prompt and prompt == 'Out')
 or (resources.global_content_filter.include_input_prompt and prompt == 'In' ) *))
\prompt{(((prompt)))}{(((prompt_color)))}{(((execution_count)))}{(((extra_space)))}
 ((*- endif -*))
((*- endmacro *))

Furthermore, if you want to hide code:

Show/Hide the code

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((=- IPython input/output style -=))
((*- extends 'base.tex.j2' -*))

((*- block packages -*))
	\usepackage{xeCJK}
	\setCJKmainfont{SimSun}
 \usepackage[breakable]{tcolorbox}
 \usepackage{parskip} % Stop auto-indenting (to mimic markdown behaviour)
 ((( super() )))
((*- endblock packages -*))

((*- block definitions -*))
 ((( super() )))
% Pygments definitions
 (((- resources.latex.pygments_definitions )))

 % For linebreaks inside Verbatim environment from package fancyvrb.
 \makeatletter
 \newbox\Wrappedcontinuationbox
 \newbox\Wrappedvisiblespacebox
 \newcommand*\Wrappedvisiblespace {\textcolor{red}{\textvisiblespace}}
 \newcommand*\Wrappedcontinuationsymbol {\textcolor{red}{\llap{\tiny$\m@th\hookrightarrow$}}}
 \newcommand*\Wrappedcontinuationindent {3ex }
 \newcommand*\Wrappedafterbreak {\kern\Wrappedcontinuationindent\copy\Wrappedcontinuationbox}
 % Take advantage of the already applied Pygments mark-up to insert
 % potential linebreaks for TeX processing.
 % {, <, #, %, $, ' and ": go to next line.
 % _, }, ^, &, >, - and ~: stay at end of broken line.
 % Use of \textquotesingle for straight quote.
 \newcommand*\Wrappedbreaksatspecials {%
 \def\PYGZus{\discretionary{\char`\_}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\char`\_}}%
 \def\PYGZob{\discretionary{}{\Wrappedafterbreak\char`\{}{\char`\{}}%
 \def\PYGZcb{\discretionary{\char`\}}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\char`\}}}%
 \def\PYGZca{\discretionary{\char`\^}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\char`\^}}%
 \def\PYGZam{\discretionary{\char`\&}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\char`\&}}%
 \def\PYGZlt{\discretionary{}{\Wrappedafterbreak\char`\<}{\char`\<}}%
 \def\PYGZgt{\discretionary{\char`\>}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\char`\>}}%
 \def\PYGZsh{\discretionary{}{\Wrappedafterbreak\char`\#}{\char`\#}}%
 \def\PYGZpc{\discretionary{}{\Wrappedafterbreak\char`\%}{\char`\%}}%
 \def\PYGZdl{\discretionary{}{\Wrappedafterbreak\char`\$}{\char`\$}}%
 \def\PYGZhy{\discretionary{\char`\-}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\char`\-}}%
 \def\PYGZsq{\discretionary{}{\Wrappedafterbreak\textquotesingle}{\textquotesingle}}%
 \def\PYGZdq{\discretionary{}{\Wrappedafterbreak\char`\"}{\char`\"}}%
 \def\PYGZti{\discretionary{\char`\~}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\char`\~}}%
 }
 % Some characters . , ; ? ! / are not pygmentized.
 % This macro makes them "active" and they will insert potential linebreaks
 \newcommand*\Wrappedbreaksatpunct {%
 \lccode`\~`\.\lowercase{\def~}{\discretionary{\hbox{\char`\.}}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\hbox{\char`\.}}}%
 \lccode`\~`\,\lowercase{\def~}{\discretionary{\hbox{\char`\,}}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\hbox{\char`\,}}}%
 \lccode`\~`\;\lowercase{\def~}{\discretionary{\hbox{\char`\;}}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\hbox{\char`\;}}}%
 \lccode`\~`\:\lowercase{\def~}{\discretionary{\hbox{\char`\:}}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\hbox{\char`\:}}}%
 \lccode`\~`\?\lowercase{\def~}{\discretionary{\hbox{\char`\?}}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\hbox{\char`\?}}}%
 \lccode`\~`\!\lowercase{\def~}{\discretionary{\hbox{\char`\!}}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\hbox{\char`\!}}}%
 \lccode`\~`\/\lowercase{\def~}{\discretionary{\hbox{\char`\/}}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\hbox{\char`\/}}}%
 \catcode`\.\active
 \catcode`\,\active
 \catcode`\;\active
 \catcode`\:\active
 \catcode`\?\active
 \catcode`\!\active
 \catcode`\/\active
 \lccode`\~`\~
 }
 \makeatother

 \let\OriginalVerbatim=\Verbatim
 \makeatletter
 \renewcommand{\Verbatim}[1][1]{%
 %\parskip\z@skip
 \sbox\Wrappedcontinuationbox {\Wrappedcontinuationsymbol}%
 \sbox\Wrappedvisiblespacebox {\FV@SetupFont\Wrappedvisiblespace}%
 \def\FancyVerbFormatLine ##1{\hsize\linewidth
 \vtop{\raggedright\hyphenpenalty\z@\exhyphenpenalty\z@
 \doublehyphendemerits\z@\finalhyphendemerits\z@
 \strut ##1\strut}%
 }%
 % If the linebreak is at a space, the latter will be displayed as visible
 % space at end of first line, and a continuation symbol starts next line.
 % Stretch/shrink are however usually zero for typewriter font.
 \def\FV@Space {%
 \nobreak\hskip\z@ plus\fontdimen3\font minus\fontdimen4\font
 \discretionary{\copy\Wrappedvisiblespacebox}{\Wrappedafterbreak}
 {\kern\fontdimen2\font}%
 }%

 % Allow breaks at special characters using \PYG... macros.
 \Wrappedbreaksatspecials
 % Breaks at punctuation characters . , ; ? ! and / need catcode=\active
 \OriginalVerbatim[#1,codes*=\Wrappedbreaksatpunct]%
 }
 \makeatother

 % Exact colors from NB
 ((*- block style_colors *))
 \definecolor{incolor}{HTML}{303F9F}
 \definecolor{outcolor}{HTML}{D84315}
 \definecolor{cellborder}{HTML}{CFCFCF}
 \definecolor{cellbackground}{HTML}{F7F7F7}
 ((*- endblock style_colors *))

 % prompt
 \makeatletter
 \newcommand{\boxspacing}{\kern\kvtcb@left@rule\kern\kvtcb@boxsep}
 \makeatother
 ((*- block style_prompt *))
 \newcommand{\prompt}[4]{
 {\ttfamily\llap{{\color{#2}\hspace{3pt}#4}}}
 }
 ((* endblock style_prompt *))

((*- endblock definitions -*))

%===============================================================================
% Input
%===============================================================================

((* block input scoped *))
 % input hidden
((* endblock input *))



%===============================================================================
% Output
%===============================================================================

((*- if charlim is not defined -*))
 ((* set charlim = 80 *))
((*- endif -*))

((* block execute_result scoped *))
 ((*- for type in output.data | filter_data_type -*))
 ((*- if type in ['text/plain']*))
 ((( draw_cell(output.data['text/plain'] | wrap_text(charlim) | escape_latex | ansi2latex, cell, 'Out', 'outcolor', '\\boxspacing') )))
 ((* else -*))
 ((( " " )))
 ((( draw_prompt(cell, 'Out', 'outcolor','') )))((( super() )))
 ((*- endif -*))
 ((*- endfor -*))
((* endblock execute_result *))

((* block stream *))
 \begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
((( output.text | wrap_text(charlim) | escape_latex | strip_trailing_newline | ansi2latex )))
 \end{Verbatim}
((* endblock stream *))

%==============================================================================
% Support Macros
%==============================================================================

% Name: draw_cell
% Purpose: Renders an output/input prompt
((*- if draw_cell is not defined -*)) % Required to allow overriding.
((* macro draw_cell(text, cell, prompt, prompt_color, extra_space) -*))
((*- if prompt == 'In' -*))
((*- set style = "breakable, size=fbox, boxrule=1pt, pad at break*=1mm,colback=cellbackground, colframe=cellborder"-*))
((*- else -*))((*- set style = "breakable, size=fbox, boxrule=.5pt, pad at break*=1mm, opacityfill=0"-*))((*- endif -*))

\begin{tcolorbox}[((( style )))]
(((- draw_prompt(cell, prompt, prompt_color, extra_space) )))
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
((( text )))
\end{Verbatim}
\end{tcolorbox}
((*- endmacro *))
((*- endif -*))

% Name: draw_prompt
% Purpose: Renders an output/input prompt
((* macro draw_prompt(cell, prompt, prompt_color, extra_space) -*))
 ((*- if cell.execution_count is defined -*))
 ((*- set execution_count = "" ~ (cell.execution_count | replace(None, " ")) -*))
 ((*- else -*))((*- set execution_count = " " -*))((*- endif *))

 ((*- if (resources.global_content_filter.include_output_prompt and prompt == 'Out')
 or (resources.global_content_filter.include_input_prompt and prompt == 'In' ) *))
\prompt{(((prompt)))}{(((prompt_color)))}{(((execution_count)))}{(((extra_space)))}
 ((*- endif -*))
((*- endmacro *))

Merge Anki Audios

Fri, 13 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

exporting all selected notes with media references

extract media paths from the exported file
write a python script merging all selected audios into one

Show/Hide the code

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import os
import subprocess
import pandas as pd
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completed
from tqdm import tqdm
import random

AUDIO_DIRECTORY = r"C:\Users\kyle\AppData\Roaming\Anki2\Eng\collection.media"
SILENT = r"C:\Users\momo\Home\Projects\Anki\silent.mp3"

list_file_path = "../notes.txt"
df = pd.read_csv(
 list_file_path,
 sep="\t",
 header=None,
 names=[
 "word", "lemma", "context", "sentence", "examples", "symbol", "voc", "def",
 "word_sound", "sentence_sound"
 ],
)

word_audio_names = df["word_sound"].apply(lambda x: x.strip()[7:-1]).tolist()
df["sentence_sound"] = df["sentence_sound"].fillna("")
sentence_audio_names = df["sentence_sound"].apply(lambda x: x.strip()[7:-1]).tolist()

audio_paths = [os.path.join(AUDIO_DIRECTORY, item) for item in word_audio_names] + [
 os.path.join(AUDIO_DIRECTORY, item) for item in sentence_audio_names if item != ""
]


def normalize_audio(input_file, output_file):
 try:
 command = [
 "ffmpeg", "-loglevel", "quiet", "-y", "-i", input_file, "-ar", "24000",
 "-ab", "96k", output_file
 ]
 subprocess.run(command, check=True)
 return output_file
 except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
 return None


def normalize_audio_multithreaded(file_list, output_dir, max_workers=16):
 if not os.path.exists(output_dir):
 os.makedirs(output_dir)
 print("start normalizing audios")
 with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=max_workers) as executor:
 futures = [
 executor.submit(normalize_audio, input_file,
 os.path.join(output_dir, os.path.basename(input_file)))
 for input_file in file_list
 ]
 for _ in tqdm(as_completed(futures), total=len(file_list)):
 pass
 else:
 print("files has prepared well")


normalize_audio_multithreaded(audio_paths, "temp")

audio_paths = [(w, s) for w, s in zip(word_audio_names, sentence_audio_names)]
random.shuffle(audio_paths)

with open("file_list.txt", "w") as f:
 for w, s in audio_paths:
 f.write(f"file '{os.path.join('temp', w)}'\n")
 f.write(f"file silent.mp3\n")
 f.write(f"file '{os.path.join('temp', w)}'\n")
 f.write(f"file silent.mp3\n")
 if s != "":
 f.write(f"file '{os.path.join('temp', s)}'\n")
 f.write(f"file silent.mp3\n")
 f.write(f"file silent.mp3\n")

command = [
 "ffmpeg", "-y", "-f", "concat", "-safe", "0", "-i", "file_list.txt", "-c", "copy",
 "output.mp3"
]
subprocess.run(command, check=True)

Prune a Dictionary File(.mdx)

Fri, 13 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction

Dictionaries such as “Oxford” and “Longman” are used as the sources for the definitions in my flashcards. However, they sometimes contain too much unnecessary information, therefore making it unwieldy and grandiose, leading to a low loading speed and distractions.

Since an MDX file utilizes the HTML format to save entries, which closely resembles the tree structure, I use the term “prune” to describe the course of removing branches, i.e. html nodes that contain superfluous elements.

Each group of three lines in a mdx file constitutes an entry of a word where the first and the third lines are delimiters while the middle line is html content. Since typically MDX files are quite large, a division step is required for parallel processing. Thus, the breakdown procedures are as follows:

split a gigantic mdx file into several small files. Note: the number of lines in each file must be a multiple of 3.
process such files parallel.
merge files into one mdx file.

Code

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import sys
import os


def split_file_by_lines(file_path):
 file_name, file_extension = os.path.splitext(file_path)
 lines_per_file = 28311
 folder_path = "divided_files"

 if not os.path.exists(folder_path):
 os.makedirs(folder_path)
 else:
 raise BaseException("directory exists")

 with open(file_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
 file_count = 0
 lines = []
 for line in f:
 lines.append(line)
 if len(lines) == lines_per_file:
 new_file_name = f"{file_name}_{file_count:02d}{file_extension}"
 with open(
 os.path.join(folder_path, new_file_name), "w", encoding="utf-8"
 ) as chunk_file:
 chunk_file.writelines(lines)
 lines = []
 file_count += 1
 if lines:
 new_file_name = f"{file_name}_{file_count}{file_extension}"
 with open(
 os.path.join(folder_path, new_file_name), "w", encoding="utf-8"
 ) as chunk_file:
 chunk_file.writelines(lines)
 file_count += 1


def merge_files(files, output_file="res.txt"):
 with open(output_file, "w") as f:
 pass
 for file in files:
 if os.path.isfile(file):
 with open(file, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
 content = f.read()
 with open(output_file, "a", encoding="utf-8") as f:
 f.write(content)

split_file_by_lines("./mdx.txt")
os.system(
 r'ls ./divided_files | parallel -j16 "python3 ./prune.py ./divided_files/{} ./divided_files/new_{}"'
)
merge_files([
 os.path.join("./divided_files", f) for f in os.listdir("./divided_files")
 if os.path.isfile(os.path.join("./divided_files", f))
 and f.startswith("new")
])
import shutil


shutil.rmtree("./divided_files")

detailed pruning code:

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#!/usr/bin/python
import sys
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
def remove_tags_with_class(html_content):
 soup = BeautifulSoup(html_content, features="html.parser")
 [tag.decompose() for tag in soup.find_all("idm-gs-blk")]
 [tag.decompose() for tag in soup.find_all("pv-gs-blk")]
 def_tags = soup.find_all("def")
 for def_tag in def_tags:
 xhtml_a_texts = [a_tag.unwrap() for a_tag in def_tag.find_all("xhtml:a")]
 [tag.decompose() for tag in def_tag.find_all("chn")]
 new_soup = BeautifulSoup(
 r'<html><body></body></html>',
 "html.parser",
 )
 for tag in def_tags:
 new_soup.body.append(tag)
 for def_tag in def_tags:
 new_tag = soup.new_tag("p")
 new_tag.string = def_tag.get_text().strip()
 def_tag.replace_with(new_tag)
 return str(new_soup)
def process_html_file(input_file, output_file):
 with open(input_file, "r", encoding="utf-8") as file:
 lines = file.readlines()
 with open(output_file, "w", encoding="utf-8") as outfile:
 for line in lines:
 if line.strip().startswith("<head><link"):
 new_line = remove_tags_with_class(line)
 outfile.write(new_line + "\n")
 else:
 outfile.write(line)
input_file = sys.argv[1]
output_file = sys.argv[2]
process_html_file(input_file, output_file)

Gnome 中 .desktop 文件的奇怪问题

Sun, 18 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

众所周知，gnome 目前默认使用 wayland，但某些程序在 wayland 下表现不佳。例如 telegram 有时边框外会显示奇怪的阴影，解决方法是开启选项：使用系统边框。然而在 wayland 下没有此选项，取而代之的是：使用 qt 边框，但 qt 边框与 gtk 应用的风格很不统一，导致看起来很丑。解决方法是在其 .desktop 文件中添加环境变量使 telegram 强制使用 x11，事实上，我已经使用QT_QPA_PLATFORM=xcb这个环境变量为另一个程序 anki 解决了这个问题。

然而，同样的方法对 telegram 却失效了。经过一番摸索我发现，直接运行 .desktop 文件，在命令行运行指令或使用dex命令运行都生效，可一旦从 gnome 的应用抽屉里启动或使用gtk-launch命令运行启动就不生效。这说明文件本身并没有问题，问题出在 gtk 和 gnome 上。问题到这里就陷入了僵局，但是我灵光一现，想到问题或许是 telegram 的 .desktop 文件奇怪的名字导致的：由于 telegram 的全名为 telegram-desktop，因此其 .desktop 文件名为 org.telegram.desktop.desktop。我怀疑是这两个重复的 .desktop 后缀在作祟，于是我将其改名为 telegram.desktop，随后update-desktop-datebase ~/.local/share/applications/，问题果然解决。

KDE 窗口装饰元素

Thu, 08 Feb 2024 15:23:00 +0800

在 KDE 上使用 aurorae 主题(除 Breeze 外的所有主题)时，如果字体 DPI 大于 96，应用程序的边框会变得巨大无比，十分丑陋。偏偏在高分屏幕上增加字体 DPI 是放大界面而不损失清晰度的唯一方法，这一问题几乎动摇了我使用 KDE 的决心转而尝试了几天 Gnome (颜值即生产力)。虽然最后还是回到了 KDE，但是这个问题还是亟待解决的。一开始使用的方法是，修改主题时不修改窗口装饰元素，还是用 Breeze 的窗口装饰元素，但是这样导致风格很割裂，不统一。网络上也没有什么好的解决方案，在 github 上看到主题 sweet 的作者声称解决了这个问题，但是当有人询问解决方案时他又不再回答。而另一款主题 materia 的作者提出可以修改主题的 css 文件，虽然这个方法还是不太优雅，但好歹是奏效了。
具体为修改 /usr/share/aurorae/themes/Materia/Materiarc文件中的PaddingTop，PaddingRight，PaddingBottom，PaddingLeft参数，在 DPI 为 120 时，分别为8，24，48，24。

Flatpak 与 KDE Global Menu 的兼容性问题

Thu, 04 Jan 2024 17:42:11 +0800

从 Flatpak 安装的 Obsidian 不显示全局菜单。执行下列命令后解决：

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sudo flatpak override --talk-name=com.canonical.AppMenu.Regist
rar md.obsidian.Obsidian

Linux Zen 与 Nvidia

Mon, 01 Jan 2024 20:17:04 +0800

prime-run steam命令报错X Error of failed request: BadValue (integer parameter out of range for operation)，原因是内核与 nvidia 驱动不匹配。按照 archwiki 的说明，安装linux-zen-headers和nvidia-dkms并添加内核参数CONFIG_DRM_SIMPLEDRM=y后解决。

Anki 与 Wayland 的兼容性问题

Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

为了使用 waydroid 不得已换 X11 为 Wayland，随之问题就来了。基于 Qt6 的 Anki 似乎与 Wayland 兼容的不太好，无法在 KDE 中使用全局菜单，并且 Goldendict 的Ctrl+c+c粘贴板查词功能在 Anki 里也无法使用了。 Google 上搜索了一番后发现可以用WAYLAND_DISPLAY=""环境变量强制 Anki 使用 X11 解决。使用后果然没有上述问题了，但是出现了新的问题： fcitx 无法在 Anki 里使用了。略微思考后，我想起来我遵从 Wayland 的建议删掉了在/etc/environment全局设置的QT_IM_MODULE=fcitx。这个问题官方的建议也提及了，可以单独为 Anki 设置环境变量，设置后问题果然解决。启动命令：

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WAYLAND_DISPLAY= QT_IM_MODULE=fcitx Anki

实际上还有另一种方式，可以为某些 Qt 应用设置 QT_QPA_PLATFORM=xcb环境变量以解决其在 Wayland 中表现不正常的问题。

GNU Parallel 的妙用

Thu, 08 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Android QQ 的图片文件是以下面这种结构保存的，以Cache_开头的文件就是图片。这种结构在浏览时要分别点进每个文件夹才能看到图片，很不方便。

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├── 0a0
│   ├── Cache_2783644ca99260a0
│   └── Cache_-4dfb57e9a7cec0a0
├── 0a6
│   ├── Cache_373e35b7b8a290a6
│   ├── Cache_-489f6e9c62ea10a6
│   └── Cache_57776dc1e17110a6
└── 0a7
 └── Cache_25d732f84bd7d0a7

使用 GNU Parallel 配合mv可以快速的 “解散” 每个二级文件夹，变成以下这种结构。

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.
├── Cache_25d732f84bd7d0a7
├── Cache_2783644ca99260a0
├── Cache_373e35b7b8a290a6
├── Cache_-489f6e9c62ea10a6
├── Cache_-4dfb57e9a7cec0a0
└── Cache_57776dc1e17110a6

命令如下:

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find . -name "*" -type f -print | parallel mv {} ./{/}

参考: https://www.myfreax.com/gnu-parallel/

使用 Shell 批量修改文件后缀和批量格式转换

Tue, 06 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000

shell 脚本是处理这类工作最为简单，快捷的方式。

修改后缀

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for file in *.原后缀; do mv "$file" "`echo $file | sed s/.原后缀/.新后缀/`"; done

格式转换

heic 转 jpg

首先，安装转换工具。

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yay -S libheif

然后可以使用 heif-convert 命令转换。

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heif-convert input.heic output.jpg

批量转换，命令如下。

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for file in *.heic; do heif-convert "$file" ${file/%.heic/.jpg} && rm "$file"; done

这条命令的原理是：根据当前文件夹下的 .heic 文件生成 .jpg 文件，如果成功生成则删除原 .heic 文件，如果未成功则不会删除原文件。此外，如果未能生成 .jpg 文件的原因是 Input file 'filename.heic' is a JPEG image ，那么可以使用批量修改后缀的方法直接将文件的后缀改为 .jpg。

flac 转 mp3

首先，安装转换工具：

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yay -S ffmpeg

然后可以使用 ffmpeg 命令转换，除了格式转换，ffmpeg 还支持很多功能，具体可以查阅文档。

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ffmpeg -i 'input.flac' -ab 320k -map_metadata 0 -id3v2_version 3 'output.mp3'

批量转换，命令如下：

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for file in *.flac; do ffmpeg -i "$file" -ab 320k -map_metadata 0 -id3v2_version 3 ${file/%.flac/.mp3} && rm "$file"; done

原理同上。

速度优化

使用 for 循环的方式，所有文件排着队一个一个的被 ffmpeg 处理。这种方式固然可以，但效率太低了。我的运行环境如下:

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 -` momo@momo-arch
 .o+` --------------
 `ooo/ OS: Arch Linux x86_64
 `+oooo: Host: 81AC Lenovo ideapad 720S-15IKB
 `+oooooo: Kernel: 6.3.6-arch1-1
 -+oooooo+: Uptime: 6 hours, 59 mins
 `/:-:++oooo+: Packages: 975 (pacman), 8 (flatpak)
 `/++++/+++++++: Shell: bash 5.1.16
 `/++++++++++++++: Resolution: 1920x1080
 `/+++ooooooooooooo/` DE: Plasma 5.27.5
 ./ooosssso++osssssso+` WM: kwin
 .oossssso-````/ossssss+` Theme: [Plasma], Layan-Light-Solid [GTK2/3]
 -osssssso. :ssssssso. Icons: Papirus [Plasma], Papirus [GTK2/3]
 :osssssss/ osssso+++. Terminal: konsole
 /ossssssss/ +ssssooo/- CPU: Intel i5-7300HQ (4) @ 3.500GHz
 `/ossssso+/:- -:/+osssso+- GPU: Intel HD Graphics 630
 `+sso+:-` `.-/+oso: Memory: 7216MiB / 19554MiB
 `++:. `-/+/
 .` `/

经过测试，处理 10 个 .flac 文件所需时间为 59 秒。速度慢的原因是目前使用的是单进程串行的处理方式，为了提高速度，可以同时启动多个进程并行处理。

使用终端工具GNU Parallel，命令如下：

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ls *.flac | parallel -j4 "ffmpeg -i {} -ab 320k -map_metadata 0 -id3v2_version 3 {.}.mp3 && rm {}"

parallel 将从标准输入中读取文件列表，-j 指定了并行进程数，{} 代表输入文件名，{.} 代表没有后缀的输入文件名，其他用法可以 man parallel 查看。

经过测试，在同样环境下处理同样的 .flac 文件仅需 17 秒。

为 Gwenview 添加 HEIC 支持

Thu, 01 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Dolphin 中无法加载缩略图，也无法打开图片。

安装kimageformats后解决。

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yay -S kimageformats

参考 https://www.reddit.com/r/kde/comments/s4bres/heifheic_support_in_dolphingwenview/